Possibilities for global governance of converging technologies

The convergence of nanotechnology, modern biology, the digital revolution and cognitive sciences will bring about tremendous improvements in transformative tools, generate new products and services, enable opportunities to meet and enhance human potential and social achievements, and in time reshape societal relationships. This paper focuses on the progress made in governance of such converging, emerging technologies and suggests possibilities for a global approach. Specifically, this paper suggests creating a multidisciplinary forum or a consultative coordinating group with members from various countries to address globally governance of converging, emerging technologies. The proposed framework for governance of converging technologies calls for four key functions: supporting the transformative impact of the new technologies; advancing responsible development that includes health, safety and ethical concerns; encouraging national and global partnerships; and establishing commitments to long-term planning and investments centered on human development. Principles of good governance guiding these functions include participation of all those who are forging or affected by the new technologies, transparency of governance strategies, responsibility of each participating stakeholder, and effective strategic planning. Introduction and management of converging technologies must be done with respect for immediate concerns, such as privacy, access to medical advancements, and potential human health effects. At the same time, introduction and management should also be done with respect for longer-term concerns, such as preserving human integrity, dignity and welfare. The suggested governance functions apply to four levels of governance: (a) adapting existing regulations and organizations; (b) establishing new programs, regulations and organizations specifically to handle converging technologies; (c) building capacity for addressing these issues into national policies and institutions; and (d) making international agreements and partnerships. Several possibilities for improving the governance of converging technologies in the global self-regulating ecosystem are recommended: using open-source and incentive-based models, establishing corresponding science and engineering platforms, empowering the stakeholders and promoting partnerships among them, implementing long-term planning that includes international perspectives, and institute voluntary and science-based measures for risk management.

The Hitchhiker's guide to quality assurance

A report is given on a 2-day symposium “The Hitchhikers Guide to Quality Assurance” held in Brisbane Australia, in 2005. More than 100 representatives of field laboratories attended this educational exercise organised by the Royal Australian Chemical Institute.     

“数学模型”课程教学模式的探讨

本文介绍了开设“数学模型”课程在工科院校数学教学改革中的重要性．并讨论如何组织“数学模型”课程的教学．     

Relative energy of organic compounds II. Halides, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds

The energies of the following types of compounds are characterized by their calculated relative enthalpies: alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl halides; carboxylic acid halides; carbonyl halides; amines; carboxylic acid amides; hydrazine derivatives; nitriles; heteroaromatic compounds; nitro-compounds; organic nitrites and nitrates; organic sulfides; thiols; disulfides; sulfoxides; sulfones; organic sulfites and sulfates; and selected inorganic compounds. Stabilization energy of pyrrol and thiophene has been estimated.     

燃油税改革的动态一般均衡分析

建立了燃油税的动态可计算一般均衡模型,设计金融海啸后的预测模拟场景,综合分析和评价燃油税的征税效果。研究结果表明,燃油税改革实现了“费改税”,但由于纳税群体的扩大,尽管产生了显著的节能减排效果,但不利于经济增长。相比其他产业,交通运输部门,特别是航空运输部门受损较小。长期而言,劳动密集型行业将受损有所减缓。但资本密集型行业将受损更为严重。     

中国近现代工业化学家——张泽垚

张泽垚是中国近现代化工学家。20世纪初他留美回国后投身于中国化工教育事业与国家工业化建设事业,对北京大学、北京女子师范大学、江南大学与华东理工大学化工系的发展做出重要贡献;并且他面向社会开展化工普及工作,促进了我国陶瓷学会的建立与发展。2020年是张泽垚逝世50周年,特撰文纪念他。对张泽垚生平的梳理,可以从一个侧面反映出中国近现代化工教育发展历程。     

基于高效教学的医学基础化学教学模式改革实践

针对医学基础化学教学过程中存在的问题,基于"以学生为中心""以产出为导向"的教学理念,围绕培养目标和毕业要求,从课程内容组织、教学内容更新、教学模式改革等方面进行了系统设计和实践,注重教学内容与医学知识的融合,充分调动了学生学习的主动性和积极性,提高了学生的科学素养和发展能力,以更好地服务于高素质领军型医学人才的培养。     

Exploring metabolic syndrome serum profiling based on gas chromatography mass spectrometry and random forest models

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: diabetes and raised fasting plasma glucose, abdominal obesity, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Analysis and representation of the variances of metabolic profiles is urgently needed for early diagnosis and treatment of MetS. In current study, we proposed a metabolomics approach for analyzing MetS based on GC–MS profiling and random forest models. The serum samples from healthy controls and MetS patients were characterized by GC–MS. Then, random forest (RF) models were used to visually discriminate the serum changes in MetS based on these GC–MS profiles. Simultaneously, some informative metabolites or potential biomarkers were successfully discovered by means of variable importance ranking in random forest models. The metabolites such as 2-hydroxybutyric acid, inositol and d-glucose, were defined as potential biomarkers to diagnose the MetS. These results obtained by proposed method showed that the combining GC–MS profiling with random forest models was a useful approach to analyze metabolites variances and further screen the potential biomarkers for MetS diagnosis.     

An experimental approach to the study of the sedimentation of dispersed particles in a centrifugal field

Summary  On the basis of an especially developed centrifuge, a PC-controlled separation analyser has been assembled for the continuous registration of particles' sedimentation process in a fluid, caused by centrifugal acceleration. The system enables the parallel investigation of up to eight samples. During the centrifugation, the radial and temporal variation of light transmission through the samples is registered by means of a CCD line detector. Experiments were carried out with the separation analyser on manipulated rigid and sphered red blood cells for the verification of an established one-dimensional mixture fluid model. In particular, the influence of particle volume concentration as well as of the angular velocity on the sedimentation process was investigated. Justification could be furnished for the one-dimensional model based on the theory of kinematic waves and shocks. In addition, an algorithm has been developed for the experimental determination of the suspension's effective or apparent viscosity. Received 20 March 2001; accepted for publication 23 August 2001 RID=" ID=" This work is an abridged version of a part of the first author's PhD thesis. The study was supported in part by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project 03 TOU 2063) and the foundation Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (project Le 734/1–2).     

高分子科学实验教学培养学生创新能力的研究与实践

介绍了吉林化工学院高分子材料与工程专业基础实验的改革思路、改革方案与实施过程,讨论了如何通过专业实验教学大纲的重新编写和审定、实验教材的编写、实验用教学软件的开发、实验室开放方案和实施方案的制定等措施有效的培养和提高学生的创新能力。通过改革使得本专业的学生不仅在实验动手能力和相关实验技能方面得到加强,而且铸造了他们科学的实验思维和实验态度。